transliteration
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Table of Contents
Transliteration
Vowel Markings
The Simplified Table
| וּ | בֻ | בֹ | בָ | בֳ | בְ (nakh) | בְ (na) | בֲ | בַ | בָ | בֱ | בֶ | בֵ | בִ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| u oo | u oo | o | o | au- | • ' | ' a- ǝ ᵉ | ' a- ǝ ᵉ | a | a au | e- | e | ei | i ee |
The Same Table in Detail
| vowels | write as | sound with Vet | ipa | sound | name | class | type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| בְ | •/- | — | stop at end of closed syllable | silent shewa / shewa nakh | not a vowel | — | |
| בִ | i / ee | Vee | /i/ | e as in lemur | hiriq | short | i |
| בֵ | ei | Vey | /e/ | a as in lay | tsere | long | e |
| בֶ | e | Veh | /ɛ/ | e as in bed | sehgol | short | e |
| בֱ | e- | Veh' | /ə/ | e as in metallic | hataf seghol | reduced | e |
| בָ | au / a | Vau / Va | /ɵ/ | o as in commit | qamatz | long | a |
| בַ | a | Vaw | /ɐ/ or /ɜ/ | a as in father | pataħ | short | a |
| בֲ | a- ᵉ ' | Vuh' (shortest) | /ə/ | u as in upon | ħataf pataħ | reduced | a |
| בְ | a- ᵉ ' | Vuh' (shortest) | /ə/ | u as in upon | vocal shewa | short | |
| בֳ | au- | Vaw' (short) | /ɐ/ | au as in bauble | ħataf qamatz | reduced | o |
| בָ | o | Voh | /o/ | o as in token | qamatz ħatuf | short | o |
| בֹ / וֹ | o | Voh | /o/ | o as in token | holam / holam vav | long | o |
| בֻ | u / oo | Voo | /u/ | oo as in hoot | qubbutz | short | u |
| וּ | u / oo | Voo | /u/ | oo as in hoot | shuruq | long | u |
Consonants
Basic Forms Only
| ל | כּךּ | י | ט | ח | ז | ו | ה | דּ | גּ | בּ | א | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | K | Y | Ŧ @ | Kh Ḥ | Z | V W | H | D | G | B | A ’ ' | upper |
| l | k | y | ŧ | kh ḥ | z | v w | -h | d | g | b | –– | lower |
| תּ | שֹ | שׁ | ר | ק | צץ | פּףּ | ע | ס | נן | מם | ||
| T | S | Sh | R | Q | Tz Ts Ç | P F | E ‘ ` | Ṣ $ | N | M | upper | |
| t | s | sh | r | q | tz ts ç | p f | –– | ṣ | n | m | lower |
The Simplified Table
| כך | כּךּ | י | ט | ח | ז | ו | ה | ד | דּ | ג | גּ | ב | בּ | א | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kh X Ḥ | K | Y | Ŧ @ | Ħ Ḥ | Z | V W | H | Dh Ð | D | Gh | G | v | B | ’ ' | upper |
| kh x ḥ | k | y | ŧ | ħ ḥ | z | v w | -h | dh ð | d | gh | g | V | b | lower | |
| == | kk | yy | ŧŧ # | –– | zz | vv / ww | –– | == | dd | == | gg | == | bb | –– | double |
| תּ | תּ | שֹ | שׁ | ר | רּ | ק | צץ | פף | פּףּ | ע | ס | נן | מם | ל | |
| Th Þ | T | S | Sh | R | R` | Q | Tz Ç | F | P | ‘ ` | Ṣ $ | N | M | L | upper |
| th þ | t | s | sh | r | r` | q | tz ç | f | p | ṣ | n | m | l | lower | |
| == | tt | ss | shsh | rr | rr` | tztz çç | == | pp | –– | ṣṣ | nn | mm | ll | double |
The Same Table in Detail
Refer to: https://www.ipachart.com/
| consonants | write / altern. (upper lower) | write doubled | simple (sound only) | IPA Chart | sound note | others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| א | A a / ’ | — | — | /ʔ/ | glottal stop | E |
| בּ | B b | bb | b | /b/ | voiced labial plosive | |
| ב | v V / Bh bh | == | v | /v/ | voiced labiodental fricative | |
| גּ | G g | gg | g | /g/ | voiced velar plosive | |
| ג | Gh gh | == | g | /g/ /ɹ/ or /ʒ/ | anciently: rhotic r or voiced post-alveolar fricative (as in leige) | |
| דּ | D d | dd | d | /d/ | voiced alveolar plosive | |
| ד | Dh dh / Ð ð | == | d / th | /ð/ | voiced dental fricative | |
| ה | H / -h | — | h | /h/ | voiceless glottal fricative | |
| ו | V v / W w | vv / ww | v | /v/ | voiced labiodental fricative | |
| ז | Z z | zz | z | /z/ | voiced alveolar fricative | |
| ח | Ħ ħ / Ḥ ḥ | — | ḥ / kh | /ħ/ | pharyngeal fricative, “hot breath” | ch |
| ט | Ŧ ŧ / @ | ŧŧ # | t | -/t/ | voiced dental plosive | |
| י | Y y | yy | y | /j/ | palatal approximate | |
| כּךּ | K k | kk | k | /k/ | voiceless velar plosive | |
| כך | Kh kh / X x / Ḥ ḥ | == | k / kh | /χ/ | voiceless uvular fricative | |
| ל | L l | ll | l | /ɭ/ | retroflex lateral approximate | |
| מם | M m | mm | m | /m/ | voiced bilabial nasal | |
| נן | N n | nn | n | /n/ | voiced alveolar nasal | |
| ס | Ṣ ṣ / $ | ṣṣ / $$ | s | /s/ | voiceless alveolar fricative | |
| ע | E / ‘ | — | e / ' | /ʔ/ or /ʕ/ | glottal stop, back | |
| פּףּ | P p | pp | p | /p/ | voiceless bilabial plosive | |
| פף | Ph ph / F f | == | f / ph | /f/ | voiceless labial fricative | |
| צץ | Tz tz / Ç ç | tztz / çç | ts | /t͡s/ | voiceless alveolar affricate | |
| ק | Q q | q / k | +/k/ | voiceless pharyngeal plosive | ||
| ר | R r | rr | r | /r/ or /ɾ/ | trilled/tapped r | |
| שׁ | Sh sh | shsh | sh | /ʃ/ | voiceless post-alveolar sibalant | |
| ֹש | S s | ss | s | /s/ | voiceless alveolar sibilant | |
| תּ | T t | tt | t | /t/ | voiceless dental plosive | |
| ת | Th / þ | == | t / th / s | /θ/ or /s/ | voiceless dental fricative |
transliteration.1729699895.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/10/23 16:11 by jeffd